Understanding Kwanzaa: History, Principles, and Celebration

From December 26th to January 1st, millions around the world observe Kwanzaa—a vibrant seven-day celebration dedicated to family, community, and African heritage. At Bethel Baptist Church, we believe in honoring cultural traditions that uplift and unite us, and Kwanzaa offers a beautiful opportunity to reflect on these values.

The Origins of Kwanzaa

Kwanzaa was created in 1966 in the United States amid the Civil Rights Movement by Dr. Maulana Karenga, a prominent activist and scholar.

His goal was to bring Black Americans together, foster a deeper connection to their African roots, and instill a sense of pride in their identity.

The name "Kwanzaa" derives from the Swahili phrase matunda ya kwanza, meaning "first fruits," inspired by ancient African harvest festivals where communities rejoiced over the season's bounty.

Harvest time has long been a universal cause for celebration across cultures. After months of hard work planting and tending crops, people gather to share food, renew friendships, and express gratitude. Kwanzaa captures this spirit, using the "first fruits" concept to strengthen African-American communities and help people of African descent worldwide reconnect with their ancestral traditions.

The Seven Principles: Nguzo Saba

At the core of Kwanzaa are the Nguzo Saba, or Seven Principles, which serve as guiding values for building a stronger, more purposeful life:

• Umoja (Unity): Striving for togetherness in family, community, and nation.

• Kujichagulia (Self-Determination): Defining ourselves, naming ourselves, and speaking for ourselves.

• Ujima (Collective Work and Responsibility): Working together to solve problems and build a better community.

• Ujamaa (Cooperative Economics): Supporting and building Black-owned businesses to share prosperity.

• Nia (Purpose): Committing to the collective vocation of restoring our people to greatness.

• Kuumba (Creativity): Using our talents to leave our communities more beautiful than we found them.

• Imani (Faith): Believing wholeheartedly in our people, parents, teachers, and leaders.

These principles form the foundation of every Kwanzaa observance, encouraging reflection and action.

How Kwanzaa Is Celebrated

While the principles remain constant, celebrations vary by family and community. Many set up a special display including:

• The mkeka (woven mat), symbolizing foundation and tradition.

• The kinara (candle holder) with seven candles (one black, three red, three green).

• The Kikombe cha Umoja (unity cup) for pouring libations and sharing drinks.

• Ears of corn (Muhindi) representing children and the future.

• Fruits (Mazao) symbolizing the harvest.

• Gifts (Zawadi), often educational or handmade.

Each evening, a candle is lit corresponding to one principle, followed by discussion, storytelling, music, and feasting.

Today, Kwanzaa is celebrated not only in the United States but across the globe by people embracing African heritage. No matter the specific customs, the essence remains the same: strengthening ties to our roots, taking pride in our families and communities, and committing to positive growth.

At Bethel Baptist Church, we invite you to learn more about Kwanzaa and consider how its principles of unity, faith, and purpose align with our shared values.

Habari Gani? (What's the news?) May this season inspire us all to build stronger bonds.

Watch our full video presentation on Kwanzaa here: